Artifacts in the context of Scrum represent work or value. Here we explore the 3 artifacts as defined in The Scrum Guide.
Product Backlog
The Product Backlog is a dynamic, ordered list of what is needed to improve the product. It is the sole source of work undertaken by the Scrum Team.
Sprint Backlog
The Sprint Backlog is composed of the Sprint Goal, the Product Backlog items selected for the Sprint and an actionable plan for delivering the Increment.
Increment
An Increment is a concrete step towards the Product Goal. Each Increment is an addition to all previous Increments and thoroughly tested to ensure that all Increments work together. To create value, the Increment must be usable.